Principal component analysis for characterising homogeneity in powder mixing using image processing techniques

International audienceThe many methods which exist to characterise the quality of a powder mixture have been recently reviewed and linked with mixing mechanisms in current literature. In this paper, we try to develop a novel methodology for defining and characterising homogeneity using principal component analysis (PCA) as an alternative to well‐known statistical methods, such as auto‐correlation functions or variances. We apply this to image analysis for the case of a powder mixture flowing out of a continuous mixing device. An emphasis is placed on the calculation in real‐time of the degree of homogeneity of loose materials on the conveyor belt, carrying this mixture. Mass flow disturbances applied to a binary mixture are studied by the proposed methodology, which is found to be sensitive to small structural defaults

New Data Clustering Heuristic Algorithm

Clustering is the data mining technique that is used to place or collect objects into groups in such a way that objects in the same group are more similar or related among themselves than to those in other groups. These groups, called clusters, resemble each other but differ from other groups in objects which those contain. In this article the method of data clustering on the example of random data with uniform distribution was proposed. This article is focused on clustering in data mining. Data mining represents solving the problems by clustering large data sets with different data types and properties. The main task of the research was investigating data clustering and finding out how many clusters the data set contains. In particular, we were interested in answering the question whether there is more than one cluster in this data set. New method includes the decision rule. Decision rule uses the following parameters: area of regions found by the density distribution of input data, the number and magnitude of local maxima (peaks) found in each region, the number of elements (of the total number of primary elements) that fall into each found region. Proposed clustering method differs from existing, that the input parameter is the only data set and the criterion for evaluating the correctness of this method, is an objective assessment of a person or group of people based on visual logical analysis. All manipulations with the data mentioned in this article were made by using the Matlab software

Analysis of a New Model of Low Energy Adaptive Clustering Hierarchy Protocol in the Wireless Sensor Network

Wireless sensor networks constitute a special group of distributed measurement systems that are increasingly used to observe environmental factors for civilian or military purposes. These observations are not conducted by a single node, but rather by multiple nodes which together form ad-hoc cooperation networks. The event to be measured can be observed with the benefit of the very working principle of sensor networks, where information from each node is transmitted to the observer in the form of an induced periodic query or is induced by the event. With the technological advancements it is now possible to manufacture nodes whose size is in the order of centimeters. This enables the use of sensor nodes on an unprecedented scale and opens new opportunities for so-called ubiquitous computing. Initially, sensor networks were wired solutions. The development of wireless and data processing technologies has helped sensor nodes to take over a larger area of research. The authors of this article wish to raise the issue of sensor networks development and show the influence of various factors on the self-positioning of sensor networks

Comparison Overview of an Active Fingerprinting Application of the Second and the Third Layer of TCP/IP Stack

Nowadays, computer networks have become as popular as telephone networks fifteen years ago and by the year they are playing ever more important functions in human life. Not only they have created huge opportunities in many areas of life, facilitating communications or obtaining information, but also have provided online entertainment as well. The invention, originally developed for military purposes in one of the darkest periods of human civilization, has become the greatest discovery of the twentieth century, connecting millions of people around the world into one big community. Whatever the differences in size or devices used, a computer network can be defined as a combination of terminal devices, transmission medium, intermediate communication devices and network software (network area). Currently, anyone can build their own network or join the largest of them - the Internet - via a local Internet provider. Unfortunately, the Internet is not only a virtually unlimited source of information, entertainment, communication, and work. Alongside its positive aspects and conveniences it poses numerous risks to uninformed users. This publication aims to cast light on the aspects of the method of sampling operating systems security of network computers, i.e. active fingerprinting of the data link layer and Internet TCP/IP stack layer

Analysis of the Modified Alternative Decision Rule in the Preclustering Algorithm

The preclustering algorithm as opposed to other existed algorithms does not require a priori information about cluster location and about additional means of control. Preclustering algorithm is multipurpose and promising for a primary analysis of investigated input data. In this article the main part of the preclustering algorithm – the modified decision rule has been presented. The modification consisted to the replacement of the calculation of mean distances in a precluster (like in the classical decision rule) by the mean distances from the center of the precluster to all objects in the chosen precluster. The proposed decision rule determines the centre of the group as a local density maximum of the group of objects (before clustering) or of the precluster (after clustering). The results obtained during the testing of the decision rule were compared with the results obtained with the use of criteria of spherical resolution. Also, from the analysis, the advantages and disadvantages of the proposed decision rule have been identified

The Application of Sensor Networks Within Mobile Cell Networks

Mobile devices such as mobile phones are getting increasingly popular by the year. Currently, most users cannot imagine doing without these devices that support our daily lives. Using them, however, entails a certain drawback, namely having to conclude an agreement with the mobile network operator, where the user undertakes to operate the device in keeping with the set rules and pay fixed amounts for the communications service provided by the operator. The authors' overarching idea is both to reduce the costs of using mobile phones and achieves total independence from the mobile operator. To achieve this goal they propose a communications system that omits the mobile network operator's infrastructure using methods taken from sensor networks. With the technological advancements it is now possible to manufacture devices whose size is in the order of centimetres. This enables the use of sensor nodes on an unprecedented scale and opens new opportunities even for a private user. Initially, sensor networks were wired solutions. The development of wireless and data processing technologies has helped sensor devices to take over a larger area of research. The purpose of this paper is to present the concept proposal of a free and reliable mobile networ